The Foley China Works was a prominent Staffordshire-based pottery, playing a significant role in the rich heritage of British ceramics. Located in the village of Fenton, Staffordshire, in the heart of the English pottery industry, Foley was one of several names associated with the production of fine bone china.
Early Years (1850s)
The origins of Foley China Works date back to the 1850s. The works were initially linked to the larger tradition of Staffordshire pottery, known for producing both utilitarian earthenware and decorative fine china. Foley became recognized for its bone china and fine earthenware, producing high-quality ceramics often under various names throughout its history.
Wileman & Co. Era (Late 19th Century)
The most notable development in the history of Foley China Works began in the late 19th century with Wileman & Co., which was one of the companies operating out of Foley Works. Wileman & Co. produced tableware and tea sets that were beautifully decorated with intricate patterns. The firm was renowned for both its fine bone china and porcelain ware.
This era is particularly significant due to the involvement of Frederick Rhead, an influential pottery designer who worked at Wileman & Co. and whose designs helped elevate the company’s profile. Rhead was instrumental in the development of innovative and highly artistic pieces that gained international acclaim.
Formation of Shelley China (1910)
In 1910, the company underwent a significant transformation when Percy Shelley, who had a background in ceramics through his family’s involvement in the pottery industry, took over the firm. The company changed its name from Wileman & Co. to Shelley China, but continued production at the Foley China Works.
During this period, Shelley China became highly regarded for its modern designs, lightweight bone china, and decorative patterns, which were especially popular in the export market, including North America. The patterns often included Art Deco influences, floral motifs, and even contemporary shapes, which appealed to both conservative and modern tastes.
The name Foley was often retained as a mark or brand for specific lines, contributing to the confusion between Shelley and Foley as distinct names in pottery.
20th Century and Decline
The Foley China Works continued producing fine china throughout the 20th century, enjoying success well into the 1930s and 1940s. However, as with many British pottery manufacturers, Foley faced increasing competition from overseas producers, economic changes after World War II, and the gradual decline of the traditional pottery industry in Staffordshire.
By the mid-20th century, many of the Staffordshire pottery companies either merged, diversified, or were absorbed by larger conglomerates. Shelley China, and by extension Foley China Works, eventually ceased operations in the 1960s.
Legacy
Today, Foley China and Shelley China pieces are highly collectible, with their distinctive designs and fine bone china sought after by collectors and enthusiasts. The legacy of Foley China Works lives on through these historical pieces, and its contributions to British ceramics are remembered as part of Staffordshire’s golden age of pottery.
In summary, the Foley China Works, through its associations with Wileman & Co. and Shelley China, played a key role in the evolution of fine bone china production in the UK. Its designs remain an important part of British ceramic history, representing a blend of traditional craftsmanship and modern design influences.
